Cataracts

The natural lens looses its transparency due to damage to its fibers over time. Lens fibers are not replaced. New fibers get layered on top of the old ones. When the lens of the eye turns cloudy enough to impair vision, it is considered a cataract. They are the main cause of blindness worldwide. Most individuals over 60 years old develop some degree of cataract. Treatment consists of a safe and precise surgical procedure.

The lens of the eye is the structure used to change focus for objects at different distances in front of the eye. Its’ shape is changed by muscles that surround the lens. With time, the lens looses its transparency turning opaque. At this moment it is called a cataract. Light reaches the retina after passing through the opacity, and vision diminishes. This can progress to the point of legal blindness.

There are different kinds of cataracts. The most common are age-related (senile) cataracts. These develop in people over 50 years of age. Ultraviolet light (sunlight), free radicals and oxidizing agents have been associated with age related cataract formation. Diabetic patients typically develop cataracts at a more rapid rate than non-diabetic patients. There are also numerous medicines that speed cataract development. Steroids, such as Prednisone, may lead to cataract formation within a few years.

Symptoms

The main symptom of cataract is gradual loss of vision. Colors may look dimmer. Glare and poor night vision are frequent. Cataracts do not cause itching, tearing or headaches.

Treatment options

There is presently no drug that can restore the lens' transparency.
Eyeglasses only help compensate in some cases. Ultimately, the only way to treat cataracts is by surgical removal.